As you remember in our previous lesson we discussed Present Tense in Russian. One of your exercises was to translate a few sentences into Russian. As promised, here are the answers:
He is shaving. – Он бреется.
My mom is cooking breakfast. – Моя мама готовит завтрак.
Ann is brushing her teeth. – Анна чистит зубы.
They work in school. – Они работают в школе.
Pete is washing the dishes. – Пит моет посуду.
Today we will start a new topic that will help us to move one step closer to other tenses (Past and Future) in the grammar system of tenses in the Russian language.
Today we will learn the times of the day/month/year.
Knowing the times of the day will help you schedule your meetings and activities accordingly. Here are a few words that can help you. Some of the you might already know while the rest will be new to you.
| Утро | Morning |
| День | Day |
| Вечер | Evening |
| Ночь | Night |
If you want to say that something is to occur in the morning you say утром, in the day – днём, in the evening – вечером, and in the night – ночью.
Days of Week
| Понедельник | Monday |
| Вторник | Tuesday |
| Среда | Wednesday |
| Четверг | Thursday |
| Пятница | Friday |
| Суббота | Saturday |
| Воскресенье | Sunday |
| Неделя | Week |
To indicate the day of the week you need to use a preposition. At the same time the endings of most of the nouns will be changed.
Pay attention:
| В понедельник | on Monday |
| Во вторник | on Tuesday |
| В среду | on Wednesday |
| В четверг | on Thursday |
| В пятницу | on Friday |
| В субботу | on Saturday |
| В воскресенье | on Sunday |
To ask what day is it today you ask “Какой сегодня день?” where сегодня means today.
The answer is simple. You just say: Сегодня – понедельник.
Now that you know quite a few words that describe time of the day or the week you can build phrases.
This morning – сегодня утром
This evening – сегодня вечером
Some of other words that could be helpful are the following:
Сейчас (now), позже (later), рано (early), вчера (yesterday), позавчера (еру day before yesterday), завтра (tomorrow), послезавтра (еру day after tomorrow).
Months
Russian months sound somewhat similar to their English equivalents.
| Январь | January |
| Февраль | February |
| Март | March |
| Апрель | April |
| Май | May |
| Июнь | June |
| Июль | July |
| Август | August |
| Сентябрь | September |
| Октябрь | October |
| Ноябрь | November |
| Декабрь | December |
If you want to say that something happened/will happen in a certain month you again just add a preposition. Each noun gets the ending –е.
Example:
В январе – in January, в марте – in March, в ноябре – in November.
Now, the only thing left to learn for us is seasons and their names.
| Зима | Winter |
| Весна | Spring |
| Лето | Summer |
| Осень | Autumn/Fall |
To indicate that something happens/will happen/has happened in one of the seasons you have to change the endings of the nouns accordingly.
| Зимой | In winter |
| Весной | In spring |
| Летом | In summer |
| Осенью | In autumn/fall |
Exercises:
1. Learn the vocabulary of the lesson.
2. Translate the following sentences and phrases into Russian.
Ann goes to music school on Monday.
Tomorrow evening.
On Monday in the morning.
Tomorrow early evening.
It snows in winter.
Mike’s birthday is in August.
You will find the correct translation in the next lesson.